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Volume I, Issue 2(2), 2025
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The transition to renewable energy is accelerating globally due to climate imperatives and the need for sustainable energy systems. However, renewable energy projects face complex and multidimensional risks that can impede their viability and success. This review explores key risk categories which include financial, environmental, social, legal, and project management, affecting renewable energy projects, particularly in emerging economies. The study highlights established and emerging risk assessment methodologies, including qualitative tools such as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis and risk matrices, and quantitative techniques like Monte Carlo simulation and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Risk mitigation strategies are also categorised across technical, financial, legal, environmental, and managerial dimensions. Innovations such as artificial intelligence, IoT, blockchain, digital twins, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) linked financing are transforming the risk landscape by enhancing monitoring, prediction, and stakeholder confidence. The integration of climate resilience and adaptive planning into renewable energy development is identified as a key trend for improving long-term project sustainability. The review concludes by identifying gaps in data-driven and context-specific risk models, proposing a more integrated and technology-enabled approach to risk governance in renewable energy systems.
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited maintaining attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and URL DOI.
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This study analyses the existence of structural breaks and market anomalies in the Indian stock market during catastrophic periods from 1990 to 2023. We employ OLS dummy variable techniques to identify seasonal anomalies and the Chow breakpoint test to detect structural breaks in the BSE and NSE indices. Our findings reveal a significant December effect in the NSE, while the BSE shows no such significant monthly anomalies. The Chow test results indicate that major crises, including the 1992 security scam, the 2008 global meltdown, the 2009 political regime change, and the 2020-21 pandemic, were significant catalysts for a continuing swing in the level of Indian stock indices.
This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that while market anomalies can exist, structural breaks during catastrophic events are a more significant factor influencing the Indian stock market. Our findings have important practical implications for investors, policymakers, and regulators, highlighting the need to account for both seasonal effects and the impact of systemic crises when analysing market behaviour.
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited maintaining attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and URL DOI.
Article’s history: Received 27th of August, 2025; Revised 24th of September, 2025; Accepted for publication 30th of September, 2025; Available online: 7th of October, 2025; Published as article in Volume I, Issue 2(2), 2025.
