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Volume I, Issue 1(1), 2022
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This paper examines the governance, efficiency, and development of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in Bulgaria. The Governance of AKIS includes diverse governing agents, a variety of rules, mechanisms and modes for agents, and the process of governing, and the outcome (specific order and efficiency) of the governance. First, participants in the country’s AKIS and the type of their relations are specified. Second, a diagnosis of the state and trends in AR&D is made. The study is based on available data from statistical sources, official reports, fields surveys as well as assessments of a panel of leading experts in the area and stakeholders’ representatives. The study has found out that AKIS of the country consists of diverse and numerous organisations, for which activities and complex relations have no sufficient official or other reliable information. Bulgarian AKIS demonstrates low resource endowment and efficiency, domination of outdated public institutions and undeveloped private sector, insufficient sharing of knowledge and innovations, slow and uneven application of modern technologies, varieties, production and management methods, digitalisation, etc. in different types of farms, sub-sectors of agriculture and regions of the country.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Tanzania has continued to experience an unprecedented increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows for the past three decades. Using a vector error correction model (VECM) on data on Tanzania for the 1980–2020 period, we find the bi-causality between economic growth and FDI net inflows in the short and long run. The results imply that in Tanzania, FDI is associated with an increase in income; at the same time, economic growth leads to FDI eventually and stirs movements in FDI. In addition, our results show a strong (positive) relationship between the variables, which means that foreign direct investments (FDI) significantly impact the country's financial inflows. We believe that a well-developed and productive local capacity will eventually benefit from FDI. Nonetheless, this is only possible through the provision of incentives to foreign firms so that they may provide positive spill overs to other sectors.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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In this paper, it is about the axiomatic basis of rational choice theory - the theory that is behind making rational choice and decisions. To make rational choices, we would require thinking rationally and understanding the reason and logic behind what makes a choice rational, and how we need to choose rationally. Decisions are made under various circumstances, i.e., under risk, and often under compulsion. In social choice theory, decisions are made by different types of decision making entities, i.e., committees, groups, individuals and collective judgments by various types of organizations, etc. This paper highlights these issues and addresses the fundamental tenets of making rational choices by examining and following the previous workings of experts on this field. As such, it introduces a novel concept and the idea of Social Choice Rationality in choosing what’s rational.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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In this paper we propose a decision support tool for the investor in terms of asset allocation. The key question is to know whether equities are perfect hedge against inflation. We chose three democratic countries having common monetary policy based on the Inflation rate stabilisation targeting (including Canada, UK, and Suisse) over the period 1999M01-2018M04. We see how the stock return evolution is related to inflation rate Pre, during, and Post 2008 Global financial crisis (GFC). Then, some dynamic version of the Generalized Fisher hypothesis (GFH) models is explored by some univariate autoregressive dynamic linear (ARDL) frameworks. We conclude that during crisis period, being on either Suisse or Canadian stock market, investors can have important abnormal gains.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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The study aims to investigate the impact of patent and digitalization on economic growth in Romania. Our data was retrieved from the World Development Indicators database (World Bank 2021) from the period 1990-2020. Empirical fundings indicated that digitalization and patent have a positive effect on economic growth. From these perspectives, the Romanian authorities should take seriously the patent and the potential of digitalization which can help the economy to be modernized, diversified, and robust to create new jobs and to find new markets and new strategic partners, and new opportunities.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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This study proposes a new simplified technique allowing to pass from the static to the dynamic framework of computable general equilibrium models (CGEM). Emphasis is placed on the treatment of convergence which can be constant or variable. We show that in convergence with variable coefficient, the definition of an adjustment parameter is necessary and makes it possible to operate the right choice of the values which correspond to the studied economy.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
