Volume II, Issue 2, 2025
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This paper explores the impact of geopolitical fragmentation on developing countries amid rising tensions between major powers like the USA, Russia, and China. It examines how these dynamics compel developing nations to make difficult decisions regarding economic survival, sovereignty, and growth. The analysis focuses on the economic, political, security, and environmental consequences of this fragmentation, using examples such as sanctions and trade wars. The study also assesses the role of the USA and its allies in shaping global governance, highlighting the challenges brought by the increasing influence of emerging powers like China and India. It argues for the need to reform institutions such as the IMF to better reflect the complexities of this fractured global landscape. At the same time, the paper emphasises the potential of regional institutions to address these challenges and foster cooperative development. Ultimately, the paper underscores the importance of navigating these shifts to ensure sustainable development in a divided geopolitical environment.
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by RITHA Publishing under the CC-BY 4.0. license, allowing unrestricted distribution in any medium, provided the original work, author attribution, title, journal citation, and DOI are properly cited.
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This paper examines the essential role of migration and remittances in development across sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on Côte d’Ivoire. It demonstrates that these financial flows help alleviate poverty and stabilise the economy in the short term while fostering long-term development through investments in human capital, entrepreneurship, and social protection. However, several challenges persist: excessive reliance on remittances may hinder local productivity, weaken exports, and increase import dependency. The paper recommends policies aimed at economic diversification, enhanced financial inclusion, reduced transfer costs, and better-coordinated migration policies to maximise the developmental benefits of remittances.
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by RITHA Publishing under the CC-BY 4.0. license, allowing unrestricted distribution in any medium, provided the original work, author attribution, title, journal citation, and DOI are properly cited.
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Everyone eagerly awaits November 4, 2024, when the European Commission is expected to definitively increase tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles if negotiations with China yield no results. This decision is more closely related to the U.S. elections than any other reason. Indeed, the rise of Kamala Harris and the continuation of Biden's anti-China policies may push the European Union to take this measure, which could trigger a trade war between the Western bloc, led by the United States, and the Eastern bloc, led by China. On the other hand, if Trump returns to the White House, his protectionist policies, which do not distinguish between enemies and allies, could drive the European Union closer to China (Belt and Road Initiative), leaving the United States almost alone against the Eastern bloc strengthened by the European Union's adhesion. This article aims to analyse these two scenarios to understand their respective impacts on the economies in conflict by using a dynamic multi-regional computable general equilibrium model based on the PEP w-t celebrated with the GTAP 11 database and the updated CEPII 2022 scenario.
The simulation results of the first scenario reveal an almost absolute superiority of the Eastern bloc, particularly in the automotive sector (the declared cause of the conflict). Indeed, this sector in China experienced a growth of +19.99% compared to the baseline scenario. At the same time, the West, particularly the European Union, saw a contraction in this industry of -15.56% compared to the base scenario. Regarding the implicit objective of this conflict, namely 'slowing down China's economic rise', the results indicate that it fails, as the Chinese economy is expected to surpass that of the United States by 2030.
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by RITHA Publishing under the CC-BY 4.0. license, allowing unrestricted distribution in any medium, provided the original work, author attribution, title, journal citation, and DOI are properly cited.
