⦁ Editor in Chief:

⦁ Associate Editor:

⦁ Managing Editor:

⦁ International Advisory Board:

Journal Governance Policy

1. Introduction

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) operates under a transparent and rigorous governance framework designed to ensure editorial independence, academic integrity, and ethical conduct in scholarly publishing.

Definition of the Editorial Board:
For the purposes of governance and appointments, the Editorial Board of JAES consists of the Editor-in-Chief, the Managing Editor, and the Associate Editors. This body collectively exercises editorial responsibility for the journal’s academic quality, peer review integrity, and policy compliance. The International Advisory Board and the Panel of Reviewers provide consultative and reviewing functions, respectively, but do not participate in editorial decision-making or appointments.

2. Governance Structure (Roles and Responsibilities/Duties)

This governance policy outlines the roles, responsibilities, and procedures for key positions within the journal, ensuring effective management, quality control, and adherence to ethical guidelines. The journal’s governance structure includes the following bodies:

2.1. Editor-in-Chief (EiC)

Role:
The EiC is responsible for the overall editorial direction, strategic development, and policy implementation of JAES.

Responsibilities:
§ Provide leadership and vision for the journal, developing a strategic direction, fostering excellence within the editorial team, and staying informed about emerging trends in applied economic sciences. Upon appointment, the EiC must present a long-term 5-year strategy for the journal.
§ Disclose any potential or actual conflicts of interest related to manuscripts under consideration. In such cases, the EiC must recuse themselves from the decision-making process, and the Board of Associate Editors will handle the manuscript review process.
§ Ensure the quality and integrity of published content, addressing cases where withdrawing a paper is necessary due to unreliable results, inappropriate conduct (e.g., data fabrication), human errors (e.g., miscalculations), prior publication without proper attribution, plagiarism, or reporting of unethical research.
§ Make final decisions on manuscript acceptance or rejection; ensure the process is fair, impartial, and timely. Manuscripts not complying with published guidelines or the journal’s aim and scope may be rejected without peer review.
§ Oversee the peer review process and timely publication, managing reviews, enforcing timelines, and resolving conflicts or issues.
§ Maintain and enhance the journal's reputation and impact by developing strategies to increase impact factor and citation rates, ensuring adherence to ethical publishing standards, and updating editorial policies.
§ Ensure timely indexing for each issue in all databases where the journal is indexed.
§ Liaise with the Publishing House and represent the journal at academic and professional events, promoting the journal and engaging with authors, reviewers, and readers.
§ Maintain confidentiality regarding manuscript content and review communications; refrain from copying or disclosing manuscripts.
§ Act promptly in cases of suspected or alleged improper conduct.
§ Familiarise with COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors, and utilise relevant resources (e.g., Elsevier resources, particularly the Publication Ethics Resource Kit (PERK)).

Appointment and Term:
The EiC is appointed by the Publisher in consultation with the Board of Associate Editors, following a transparent, merit-based selection process that guarantees full editorial independence. The Publisher formally ratifies the appointment but does not interfere in editorial decisions.
The EiC serves an open-ended term, subject to renewal every five years by mutual agreement. Renewal is based on strategic vision and demonstrated academic performance, evaluated through editorial quality, international visibility, and citation metrics (e.g., h-index, Scopus Author ID, ResearcherID, SciProfiles).

2.2. Managing Editor (ME)

Role:
The Managing Editor oversees day-to-day editorial operations, ensuring efficiency, transparency, and effective communication between all parties involved in the publication process.

Responsibilities:
 § Manage manuscript submissions through the editorial system.
 § Assign papers to Associate Editors and external reviewers based on subject expertise.
 § Monitor timelines to ensure timely completion of peer reviews and revisions.
 § Coordinate copyediting, typesetting, and final proofreading processes.
 § Handle author communications and post-acceptance correspondence.
 § Maintain records of editorial decisions and ensure data protection compliance.
 § Report periodically to the EiC and Publisher on workflow performance.

The Managing Editor does not make editorial decisions regarding acceptance or rejection of manuscripts.

Appointment and Term:
The Managing Editor is appointed by the EiC in consultation with the Editorial Board. The term of office is five years, renewable based on demonstrated performance in workflow management, communication efficiency, and adherence to ethical standards.

2.3. Associate Editor(s) (AE)

Role:
Associate Editors support the EiC by handling manuscripts within their areas of expertise.

Responsibilities:
 § Conduct initial screening of submissions for relevance and quality.
 § Select appropriate reviewers from the Panel of Reviewers.
 § Make evidence-based recommendations to the EiC following peer review.
 § Uphold standards of fairness, confidentiality, and academic rigor.

Appointment and Term:
The EiC, in consultation with the Editorial Board, nominates candidates through a transparent, merit-based process. Final approval requires the Editorial Board’s consent. AEs serve a renewable five-year term, contingent upon editorial performance, continued academic contribution, and adherence to ethical standards.

2.4. International Advisory Board (IAB)

Role:
The IAB provides strategic guidance and promotes the journal internationally. They are advisory only, without editorial decision-making authority.

Responsibilities:
 § Advise on editorial policies, strategic planning, and academic integrity.
 § Recommend and review potential topics for special issues.
 § Disclose conflicts of interest and recuse themselves if necessary.
 § Act as ambassadors to enhance the journal’s visibility and reputation.
 § Assist in identifying high-quality manuscripts and competent reviewers.
 § Provide feedback on performance, impact, and areas for improvement.

Composition and Appointment:
Comprised of distinguished scholars from diverse backgrounds. Members are appointed by the EiC in consultation with current IAB members. Term is five years, renewable by mutual agreement, with performance assessed through citation metrics (h-index, Scopus, etc.).

2.5. Panel of Reviewers 

The Panel of Reviewers is composed of qualified experts with demonstrated research experience in the journal’s subject domains. Reviewers are selected based on: academic background and publication record, proven experience in peer review, and relevance to the manuscript’s topic. All reviews are conducted under a double-blind policy. Reviewers are evaluated annually for quality, timeliness, and adherence to ethical standards.

Duties of Reviewers

§ Peer review assists the editor(s) in making editorial decisions and, through communication with the author, helps improve the paper by completing the JAES Reviewing Form.

§ Reviewers are expected to respond promptly to requests to review and to submit their reviews within the agreed timeframe.

§ Any selected reviewer who feels unqualified to review a manuscript or cannot provide a timely review must notify the editor and excuse themselves from the process.

§ Reviewers must inform the EiC if they perceive a conflict of interest, including personal, financial, or professional relationships with the authors. In such cases, they must recuse themselves, and an alternative reviewer will be selected.

§ Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

§ Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate; reviewers should provide clear, evidence-based feedback.

§ Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any observation, derivation, or argument previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. Reviewers should alert the editor to any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and other published work of which they have personal knowledge.

§ Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers must not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors, affiliated institutions, or companies.

§ Reviewers are required to complete and sign the Non-Conflict of Interest Statement in the JAES_Reviewing Form.

3. Editorial Process

§ Manuscripts are submitted through the journal’s online submission system, ensuring efficiency, transparency, and a double-blind review process. Authors’ identities are anonymised to maintain impartiality and fairness.

§ Upon submission, the Managing Editor (ME) oversees the assignment of manuscripts to Associate Editors (AEs) or reviewers. Reviewers are selected based on their expertise and familiarity with the subject matter, drawn from the registered pool within the RITHA Editorial & Publishing System.

§ The Editor-in-Chief (EiC) and AEs identify suitable reviewers who can provide insightful evaluations of: manuscript quality, originality, methodology, relevance to the journal’s scope

§ Reviewers complete their evaluations using the JAES_Reviewing Form. following a double-blind policy. Reviews are expected to be thorough, objective, and constructive, providing clear guidance for authors. Any conflict of interest identified by reviewers must be disclosed, and alternative reviewers assigned if necessary.

§ After the peer review, the EiC, in collaboration with the AE (if applicable), provides clear and constructive feedback to the author, explaining the reasons for the final decision: Acceptance, Revision, Rejection.

§ Once a manuscript is accepted: The Managing Editor coordinates typesetting, formatting, and proofreading. The EiC oversees the final approval before publication, ensuring accuracy, consistency, and adherence to the journal’s style guidelines. The editorial team ensures the quality and integrity of the published content. Manuscripts are released in a timely manner, following a defined publication schedule.

§ The EiC ensures that each issue is properly indexed in all relevant databases where JAES is listed.

4. Editorial Independence and Conflict of Interest

JAES maintains full editorial independence. All editorial decisions are made solely by the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) and Associate Editors (AEs) without interference from the Publisher or external parties. All editors, board members, authors, and reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest. A conflict of interest arises when personal, academic, or financial interests could compromise impartiality or integrity in the editorial process.

Policy and Procedures:

• Editors (EiC and Associate Editors): Must disclose any personal, academic, or financial conflicts related to manuscripts under consideration. When a conflict arises, editors must recuse themselves, and alternative editorial staff are assigned to maintain objectivity and fairness.
• Reviewers: Must disclose any personal, professional, or financial relationships with authors, institutions, or organizations that could affect impartiality. Reviewers are required to recuse themselves when a conflict exists and must complete and sign a conflict-of-interest statement.
• Authors: Must disclose all financial or professional relationships, funding sources, or affiliations that may influence the objectivity of the research. These disclosures are included within the manuscript and documented in the submission system.
• Publisher: Refrains from interfering in editorial decisions. Any attempt to influence manuscript acceptance or rejection would constitute a violation of ethical standards.

All conflicts of interest are managed transparently. When necessary, alternative editors or reviewers are assigned to uphold fairness, impartiality, and integrity in the review and publication process.

5. Appeals and Complaints

Authors may appeal editorial decisions within 14 days of notification by submitting a written justification to the Managing Editor. Appeals are reviewed by an independent Editorial Committee, and a final decision is communicated within 30 days. Complaints regarding ethical breaches are handled according to COPE guidelines.

6. Confidentiality and Data Management

All submissions, reviewer identities, and editorial decisions are treated as confidential. Rejected manuscripts are permanently removed from the editorial system within 60 days of decision. Anonymised metadata and logs may be retained for internal reporting and statistical purposes for up to 3 years.

7. Amendments to the Governance Policy

This policy is reviewed annually by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the Advisory Board and updated as necessary to reflect best practices in scholarly publishing.

Open Access policy of the Journal has significant benefits, as they promote wider dissemination of research and increased visibility for authors. 

Journal of Applied Economic Sciences is an open access journal starting with Volume XV, Fall, Issue 3(69), 2020, which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or their institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Journal applies the DOAJ's principle of Open access for its digital content: "Open Access is only when digital content is freely available online AND user rights and the terms of copyright are defined. Benefits of Open Access for Authors:
• Authors maintain copyright ownership through the use of a Creative Commons Attribution License, allowing their work to be reused and redistributed with proper attribution to the original author.
• Open access publications undergo the same high-quality and rigorous peer-review, production, and publishing processes as traditional subscription-based journals and books.
• A streamlined online submission and production process facilitates swift review, approval, and publication of articles.
• Online publishing eliminates space constraints, providing unlimited room for supplementary material, including figures, extensive data, and video footage.
• Open access publications easily comply with mandates from funding sources or academic institutions. Final articles can be promptly deposited into bibliographic databases and institutional repositories without embargo periods.
• Open access journals, including Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, are swiftly deposited into bibliographic databases and institutional repositories without embargo periods, similar to traditional journals. The immediate availability of full-text articles without registration or subscription allows search engines like Google Scholar to comprehensively index them, significantly enhancing their visibility.

Open Access Explained

Publishing open access (OA) offers significantly greater reach and readership for authors' work: 1.6 times more citations than non-OA articles across all subjects, OA articles are downloaded four times more frequently, enhancing visibility and accessibility,  OA articles attract 2.5 times more Altmetric attention, including 1.9 times more news mentions and 1.2 times more policy mentions. These metrics demonstrate that publishing open access not only increases the dissemination of research but also amplifies its influence and engagement within and beyond the scholarly community.

Open Access Explained

Preprints and Conference Papers Policy

A preprint is a paper that is made available publicly via a preprint server prior to (or simultaneous with) submission to a journal. Preprint servers, i.e., servers that allow for the posting of papers prior to submission for publication, are becoming more common across a range of disciplines.

JAES allows for the submission of manuscripts which have already been made available on such a server. Allowing a preprint version as submission does not, of course, guarantee that an article will accepted for publication without reviewing; it simply reflects a belief that availability on a preprint server should not be a disqualifier for submission.

Authors are requested to update any pre-publication versions with a link to the final published article. Authors may also post the final published version of the article immediately after publication.

If a preprint is assigned a DOI, Publishing House will assign a new DOI to the accepted article using https://doi.org/10.57017/jaes and can optionally link to the preprint. Note that the preprint publisher must link to the published article, per CrossRef: “[Posted content] consists of preprints, eprints, working papers, reports, dissertations, and many other types of content that has been posted but not formally published… Once a journal article (or book, conference paper, etc.) has been published from the posted content and a DOI has been assigned, the posted content publisher will update their metadata to associate the posted content with the DOI of the accepted manuscript (AM) or version of record (VOR)”. More details are available here.

If authors have previously presented their work at a conference, expanded and high-quality conference papers can also be considered for publication as full articles, under the following conditions:

- The conference paper must be significantly expanded to meet the length and depth of a research article;

- The original conference paper must be properly cited and referenced on the first page of the submission;

- If the authors do not retain the copyright of the published conference paper, they must secure permission from the copyright holder;

- Authors should clearly disclose that the submission is based on a conference paper, and provide a detailed explanation of the changes made from the original version.

Copyright and Licensing Policy

Journal of Applied Economic Sciences applies the  Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0  license to the works it publishes. This license, designed to facilitate open access, allows for free immediate access to and unrestricted reuse of original works. Under this license, authors commit to making their articles legally available for reuse without the need for permission or fees, enabling anyone to copy, distribute, or reuse these articles, provided proper citation of the author and original source. A "License Agreement" will be complete by the author(s) if the submitted manuscript is accepted for publication allowing them to retain the copyright to their work. 

Example:

Author's Name 1, Author's Name 2, .... and Author's Name n. (year). Title of the paper. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume xxxx, Issue x(xx), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.57017/jaes.vxx.x(xx).xx

Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers

- Authors must obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables, or text extracts) for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be sought from the copyright holder, typically the publisher.

- When permission is required:

      - For authors' own works published by other publishers where copyright was not retained;

      - For substantial extracts from others' works;

     - For using unaltered or slightly modified tables, graphs, charts, schemes, artworks, or photographs not owned by the author.

- When permission is not required:

      - Reconstruction of the author's own table with data published elsewhere, with proper citation;

      - Reasonably short quotes (considered fair use);

      - Graphs, charts, schemes, and artworks completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition.

- Obtaining Permission:

      - Authors should start obtaining permissions early to avoid publication delays;

      - If unsure about copyright, it's recommended to apply for permission;

      - Acknowledgement of permission should follow a standard style if instructed by the copyright holder.

These guidelines aim to ensure compliance with copyright laws and ethical standards in academic publishing. Authors are responsible for obtaining necessary permissions to reproduce copyrighted material and should adhere to the stated policies to prevent any delays or legal issues in the publication process.

The principal aim of the Journal is to publish relevant original works of high quality in the field of applied economic sciences. In this regard, manuscripts will be considered on the understanding that they report original work or interpreting progress in a thematic area and are not under consideration for publication by another journals. 

Submitting a manuscript

Manuscripts must be submitted using this e-mail address: jaes_secretary@yahoo.com or using the form Submit Manuscript from journal's webpage. We encourage to use the form Submit Manuscript in order to be able to track your submission in our own publishing system. The submission's schedule is announced by the Editor in Chief in CALL for Papers. Before submitting a manuscript, authors are invited to ensure that they adhere to the guidelines outlined below:

• - the Abstract should summarise the content and conclusions of the paper in less than 200-250 words (typically around 10 sentences) focusing on what your research is about, what methods have been used, and the results of your research. It should not contain any references or displayed equations. Have in mind that the function of an abstract is to describe, not to evaluate or defend, the paper. Also, the abstract should contain the most important key words referring to method and content: these facilitate access to the abstract by computer search and enable a reader to decide whether to read the entire paper.
• 
  
• - provide 3 up to 6 keywords or phrases that accurately reflect your paper's focus and are likely to attract relevant readers.
• 
  
• - provide up to 6 codes from JEL Classification System, the standard method of classifying scholarly literature in the field of economics. The guide provides JEL Codes application guidelines, keywords, and examples of items within each classification is available at: https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php?view=jel.
• 
  
• - the Introduction section should captivate the reader's interest, provide context and background, and clearly state the purpose and importance of your paper. It sets the stage for the rest of paper by establishing the foundation upon which your research is built. Depending on the type of research, it may include a hypothesis (for experimental research) or specific research questions (for qualitative or mixed methods research).
• 
  
• - It is recommended that research papers be written in the third person to maintain a formal and objective tone. The use of the third person ("the author," "the researchers," "the study showed") creates a professional distance between the author and the subject, reinforcing the impartiality of the research. However, in certain cases, especially in methodology and discussion sections, it is also appropriate to use the first-person plural ("we conducted an experiment") to clearly describe the actions taken by the research team.
  Examples:
  • - Third Person: "A study was conducted to investigate the influence of variable X on variable Y."
  • - First-Person Plural: "We conducted a study to investigate the influence of variable X on variable Y."
• 
  
• - the Literature Review section must provide the essential context by summarising and synthesising existing research and scholarly articles relevant to the topic under investigation. This overview not only familiarises the reader with the foundational theories and concepts but also situates the current study within the broader scholarly discourse. By presenting a comprehensive review of what is already known, the literature review identifies gaps or areas where further research is needed. This critical assessment helps justify the significance of the current study by highlighting unanswered questions or limitations in previous research that the current study aims to address. Also, keep in mind that the evaluation of the literature leads logically to research questions, as: Who is doing what? Who has done what? Who first did it or published it? 
• 
  
• - the Materials and Methods section of paper should provide a detailed and precise account of the materials used and the methods employed to conduct the study, allowing other researchers to replicate the experiment. Begin by listing all materials, including equipment, and software, with their sources and relevant specifications. Follow with a detailed description of the experimental procedures, ensuring to include step-by-step instructions, conditions, and any modifications from standard protocols. Next, describe the data collection methods, specifying the instruments and techniques used for measurement, along with calibration details and accuracy. Outline the statistical methods employed for data analysis, including the software used and criteria for significance. If the study involves human or animal subjects, include statements about ethical approvals, informed consent, and confidentiality measures. Finally, ensure that enough detail is provided for reproducibility, and cite any established methods or protocols referenced in the study. 
• 
  
• - the Conclusion section explores the practical and theoretical implications of the research findings. It discusses how the results may inform future research directions, influence policy decisions, or contribute to advancements in practice. Alongside these insights, the conclusion section acknowledges any limitations or constraints encountered during the research process. This critical reflection demonstrates an awareness of the study's scope and potential areas for improvement or further investigation. Finally,  summarise the overall implications of the study and suggesting avenues for future research. 
• 
  
• - the References are to be listed in the alphabetically order. Follow the style APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition. See also, JAES_Template File, for example.
• 
  
• Introduction to Citation Styles: APA 7th ed.
• Introduction to Citation Styles: APA 7th ed.
• 
  
• - the corresponding author is responsible for the submission on behalf of all authors; authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co‐authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research, they should be named in the “Acknowledgements” section. 
• 
  
• - authors should not publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Parallel submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.
• 
  
• - appropriate acknowledgement of the work of others must be given at all times. Authors should also cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.
• 
  
• - all authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or their interpretation in the manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
• 
  
• - the submitted manuscript will undergo a thorough examination to identify any instances of uncredited use of previously published material. Crossref Similarity Check (iThenticate v2) and Safe Assign are used to screen the manuscript against previously published papers and other pertinent sources. Any submission exceeding a 10% similarity score is promptly rejected. Authors are also encouraged to use any anti-plagiarism software to screen their manuscript prior to submission; if they have used the work and/or words of others, they should ensure that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. 
• Despite our best efforts, some instances of plagiarism may escape detection. Authors who find their work plagiarised may report plagiarism to jaes_secretary@yahoo.com, preferably by submitting both the original article and the allegedly plagiarising one with plagiarised parts highlighted or underlined. The Editorial Board will act promptly on such reports, asking the author for clarifications within two weeks. If the author does not respond within this deadline or if the clarifications are unsatisfactory, the article will be immediately withdrawn from publication and the author(s) will be banned from submitting future publications.
• For more details about the meaning of plagiarism and the varieties of plagiarism types, please see the Plagiarism section from Editorial Policies of Publisher.
• 
  
• - disclosure of interests is important for research publications to ensure transparency, maintain the integrity of the research process, and avoid any potential conflicts of interest that could bias the research outcomes. Authors are required to provide a clear and comprehensive disclosure of their financial and non-financial interests that could be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation by filling and signed JAES_Disclosure Interests. These interests may be personal, professional, or institutional in nature.
• 
  
• - Authors should disclose in their statement the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. A statement will appear in JAES_Disclosure Interests. Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication. This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
• 
  
• - To promote transparency and reproducibility, the JAES requires authors to provide a Data Availability Statement (DAS) for all submitted manuscripts. The DAS describes where and how the supporting data for the reported results can be accessed, including any restrictions on access. Authors should include the DAS as a separate section immediately before the References in the manuscript.
  Depending on the status of your data, authors may use one of the following templates:
• Openly available data: Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [Repository Name] at [DOI/URL], reference number [XXXX].
• Data available on request: Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
• Restricted data: Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are not publicly available due to [reason: privacy, ethical, or legal restrictions], but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
• No new data generated: Data Availability Statement: No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.
• Third-party data: Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study were obtained from [Source Name] and are available at [DOI/URL] with permission from [Source].
• Additional Guidance
  • Authors should ensure that all links or DOIs provided are valid and lead directly to the dataset.
  • If the data are sensitive (e.g., personal, confidential, or proprietary), authors must provide a clear explanation of the restrictions and the process for accessing the data.
  • JAES encourages the use of recognized public repositories whenever possible. Examples include Zenodo, Figshare, Open Science Framework, and institutional repositories.
• 
  
• - all figures and tables included in the content have to be numbered, have a suggestive title and indicate the source; if these are compiled by the authors, it has to be specified. 
• 
  
• - manuscript should be written in clear, concise English (UK) and should contain all essential data in order to make the presentation clear. Language checks help maintain the quality and readability of your article, making it accessible to a broader audience. In this regard, the language should be clear and concise, avoiding excessive jargon or overly complex sentences; verify that the manuscript has proper grammar, correct sentence structures, and consistent verb tenses; look for subject-verb agreement and ensure that the sentences are clear and well-constructed; eliminate unnecessary wordiness and choose appropriate words to convey ideas succinctly; avoid using ambiguous terms or acronyms without proper explanations; check that the sentences flow logically from one to another, and the paragraphs are well-organised and coherent. During the editorial process, publisher reserves the right to improve the grammar and style of manuscript. 

Each submitted manuscript must has a certain format in order to be published. Please follow the JAES_Template Format. 

Duties of Authors:

§ Submitted manuscript must be the original work of the author(s) and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others they ensure that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

§ Only unpublished manuscript should be submitted. Author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. It is unethical to submit a manuscript to more than one journal concurrently.

§ Any conflict of interest must be clearly stated. Authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. Author(s) will full-fill and sign the JAES_Disclosure Interest.

§ Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be recognised. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

§ Authorship to the manuscript should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included to the manuscript, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and have agreed to its submission for publication. It is unacceptable to mention as authors persons whose contribution to the research has been scanty or actually non-existent (the so-called “guest authorship”). It is likewise inappropriate to conceal information on the contribution of persons who have actually participated in the creation of the publication. This must be recognised in form of acknowledgements at the end of the text or by including this person as a co-author. “Ghostwriting” and “guest authorship” are manifestations of scholarly unreliability.

§ Ensuring that co-authors are aware of the submission process and are in agreement with the contents of the manuscript before submission.

§ If an author discovers an error or any other issue with their manuscript after publication, they must inform the EiC immediately and work with the editor to retract or correct the paper. The retraction or correction will be processed following the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines.

§ If the authors decide to withdraw the paper from the revision process or they decide not to respond to the reviewers’ comments, after having received a conditional acceptance, they must inform the editors. Authors should respond to comments made in reviews in a professional manner and in due time.

§ If authors have not revised their articles within six weeks without offering any explanation, the paper will be postponed to the next issue. However, if more than six months pass without revision, the research reported may start to become outdated in terms of its evidence base. After one year in the system without revision, it becomes evident that the author is unlikely to revise the paper.

Journal Peer Review Policy

Journal of Applied Economic Sciences upholds a rigorous double-blind peer review model (reviewers are unaware of the identity of the authors, and authors are also unaware of the identity of reviewers), a process designed to ensure the quality and impact of published papers align with the journal's aims and scope. The reviewers and individuals overseeing the peer review process are expected to adhere to our Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement, including the references/documents within it. Furthermore, we strongly encourage reviewers to familiarise themselves and uphold the ethical guidelines for peer reviewers set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). This commitment extends to recognising any potential misconduct or ethical concerns and promptly reporting them to the editorial office at jaes_secretary@yahoo.com.

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, starting with November, 2024, is proud to be part of Reviewer Credits, an international platform that recognises and rewards peer reviewers for their contributions to the academic community. In line with this commitment, JAES carefully assigns external reviewers with specialised expertise that closely aligns with the subject matter of each manuscript. Reviewers are selected from a diverse pool of qualified academics and professionals, ensuring they bring both domain-specific knowledge and an independent, objective perspective to the evaluation process.

To meet the requirement for transparency in external/independent peer review, JAES explicitly ensures that all reviewers are independent of the authors. Reviewers are never affiliated with the same institution as the authors under evaluation, and any potential conflicts of interest are disclosed and managed prior to the review process. The journal’s in-house publishing system further supports this by automatically preventing the assignment of reviewers who could have conflicts, thereby safeguarding the independence and objectivity of the evaluation.

Additionally, JAES maintains its own curated and regularly updated database of registered external reviewers, which includes experts across various fields related to research, innovation, and technology. This database features detailed reviewer profiles that highlight their qualifications, past review performance, and areas of expertise, enabling the editorial team to select the best fit for each submission.

For manuscripts addressing highly specialised or emerging topics, JAES actively seeks reviewers with niche expertise, potentially reaching out to experts in related disciplines when necessary. This approach ensures that even complex and interdisciplinary research receives a thorough and knowledgeable evaluation, fostering rigorous and high-quality peer review across all submissions.

Please Note：

- All submissions to JAES undergo double-blind peer review. This ensures that the identities of both the authors and the reviewers are kept confidential throughout the review process. Maintaining the anonymity of both authors and reviewers, double-blind peer review promotes fairness, objectivity, and transparency in the evaluation process. It allows manuscripts to be assessed solely on the basis of their scholarly merit, regardless of the authors' backgrounds or reputations. This not only upholds the credibility and integrity of the peer review process but also enhances the overall quality and reliability of the manuscripts published by our Journal.

See the Panel of Reviewers

- All submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents.

- Reviewers are selected from the pool with registered persons in RITHA publishing system based on their expertise and experience in the relevant field of study. They should have a strong academic background and a track record of publications in reputable journals. Recruiting reviewers with such extensive qualifications and credentials ensure that manuscripts submitted for review receive thorough, insightful, and constructive feedback from experts who possess the requisite knowledge and expertise to evaluate the research rigorously. This kind of peer review process not only upholds the credibility and quality of the publications but also fosters a culture of academic excellence, integrity, and innovation within the scholarly community.
- Editor(s) will have the option of seeking additional reviews when needed. Authors will be informed when Editor(s) decide further review is required.
- All publication decisions are made by the journal’s Editors-in-Chief on the basis of the referees’ reports. Authors of papers that are not accepted are notified promptly.
- Authors are strongly encouraged to refer to the Review Form to gain insight into the criteria that reviewers will consider when evaluating their paper. Familiarising themselves with the specific aspects highlighted in the form can help them addresses to all relevant points and meets the expectations of the reviewers. 

- Reviewers receive comprehensive guidelines on how to evaluate submissions. These guidelines refer to sources which serve as a roadmap for reviewers, outlining key criteria and considerations to ensure assessment of each manuscript's scholarly merit, originality, and adherence to ethical standards, as follows:

•         Peer Review: The Nuts and Bolts by Sense About Science (SAS)
•         Peer review: An Introduction and Guide, PRC
•         COPE’s Ethical guidelines for reviewers
•         Wiley’s Best Practice Guidelines on Publishing Ethics
•         The Council of Science Editors (CSE) gives guidelines on roles and responsibilities in peer review
•         Reviewing Journal Manuscripts, by Charon Pierson
• 
  

- Reviewers are required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could bias their evaluation of the manuscript. Similarly, authors are expected to declare any conflicts of interest related to their research. Editors and manners of managing specific conflicts:
     Submission by an editor. A manuscript submitted by Editor(s) or one of the member of Editorial Advisory Board will be handled by one of the other associate editors who are not at the same institution as the submitting author. The chosen associate editor will select referees and make all decisions on the manuscript. Moreover, the publishing system, does not allow a conflicted editor to be assigned to work to relevant information concerning their manuscript. If the case, a conflicted editor will be blocked from participating in any discussion among the editors pertaining to such manuscripts.
     Submission by author from same institution as one of the editors. A manuscript submitted by an author who is at the same institution as one of the editors will be handled by another editors who is not at that specific institution. Another editor will select reviewers and make all decisions on the paper.

      Potential conflict of interest for reviewers. RITHA editorial & publishing system attempts to prevent conflicts of interest by not inviting reviewers from the same institutions as the authors. However, because previous relationships or places of employment may not be obvious, the editors will ask that they decline to review if they know, or guess the identity of the author.

-  Reviewers evaluate using a Reviewing Form specially designed provided by the editor in chief to determine the scholarly merit and validity of the research findings. Reviewers provide detailed feedback to the editor in chief, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in the manuscript. Editor in chief carefully consider the reviewers' comments and recommendations when making decisions on the manuscript's publication. Depending on the feedback received, manuscripts may be accepted for publication, accepted with minor revisions, returned to the authors for major revisions with re-submit recommendation, or rejected. In cases where revisions are requested, authors are provided with clear and constructive guidance to address the reviewers' concerns and enhance the quality and clarity of their work.
- The Journal regularly reviews and updates its peer-reviewing policies to ensure effectiveness, fairness, and alignment with best practices in scholarly publishing. These peer reviewing policies were last updated on January, 2024.

Review process follows these steps: 

• - 1st: The Editor in Chief makes an initial screening of the manuscript submitted in order to determine if it is suitable with the aims and scope of the Journal or not; 
• - 2nd: Submission received is checked with the anti-plagiarism software before it undergoes a blind peer reviewing process. If the report is suspicious or exceeding a 10% similarity score, the manuscript will be rejected and the author(s) informed, else submission is qualified to follow the next stage.
• - 3rd: The manuscript is blind peer reviewed by 2 of the members of Editorial Advisory Board, in accordance with the area of research indicated by the JEL Classification specified by the author in its paper. Each reviewer should fulfil the Review Form and give a score and make a recommendation: accepted as it is, revised (with minor or major corrections) or rejected. Please see open positions listed in Call for Members for Editorial Advisory Board. For detailed guidelines about reviewing processes see COPE's Ethical guidelines for reviewers. 
• - 4th: The final decision is made by the Editor in Chief based on the Review Form with the recommendations and comments received from the two reviewers. The Editor in Chief makes the Final Report and decides whether the manuscript should be accepted as it is, revised (with minor or major corrections) or rejected. Any changes which affecting the substance of the text will, of course, be made only in agreement with the author(s). 

The publishing schedule can vary depending on the complexity of the research, the number of revisions required, and the responsiveness of authors and reviewers. The first screening of the Editor in Chief takes no more 10 days including plagiarism checking, the peer-reviewed between 30 - 45 days. Once the manuscript is accepted, it goes through the journal's production process, where it is formatted, proofread, and prepared for publication. This step may take up to 30 days. Authors are encouraged to be patient and to communicate with the journal's editorial team if they have questions or concerns about the timeline.

Copy editing, production and indexation 

In this stage of publication process, the manuscripts are checked for the final grammar and formatting review and the result is the pre-final form of the manuscript which will be return to author(s) for final revisions and approval; author of accepted manuscript fulfils and signs the Author(s) Licensing Form.

Once the author approved the pre-final form and signed the JAES_Author(s) Licensing Form, the article will be published on-line; an email with message of publication will be send by our own publishing system to inform the author(s).

Article Processing Charge (APC) Policy

Starting with the 2025 issues, the Journal of Applied Economic Sciences has revised its APC (Article Publishing Charge) policy. This change brings several significant advantages to the journal and its contributors, enhancing both the publication process and the visibility of research:

- DOI Allocation: Ensures article-level access, easy citation, and efficient retrieval for all published content, in compliance with open access policy.
- Dedicated In-House Editorial and Publishing System.
- Provides direct connections with academic databases through advanced scripts and APIs, for database integration, improving discoverability.
- Guarantees long-term accessibility and secure archiving of all published content, protecting against potential loss due to technological or organisational changes using digital preservation services via PORTICO
- Affiliation with respected organisations such as DORA, CrossRef, SDG Publisher Compact, and Portico reflects the journal's commitment to quality and sustainability.
- Recognises and rewards the peer-review process through integration with Reviewer Credits.
- Social media dissemination to promote articles on social media platforms, increasing visibility and engagement within the academic community.
- Articles published in JAES are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and the source are credited.

The APC for publication in JAES is 750 EUR, payable only after the final decision for publication is made. A reduced APC may apply for authors affiliated with research centers that have an established partnership with the Journal. For more details or to inquire about eligibility for a reduced fee, please contact the editorial team at office@ritha.eu with the subject line: Eligibility for Reduced APC.

Indexation is the last stage of publication process which refers to the preparation of metadata according to the specifications indicated by the scientific databases in order to offer better visibility and dissemination of publication in academic environments.

Journal's Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement is based on the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (4th version of a work in progress, updated in 2022) developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in collaboration with the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). Furthermore, the ethical framework of the Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) integrates the best practices outlined in The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Endorsed by the European Science Foundation (ESF) and All European Academies (ALLEA), this code serves as a benchmark for national research integrity standards across the European Union, following a rigorous development process.

Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) Publication Ethics

§ Identification and Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct
The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) upholds the highest standards of integrity and professionalism in academic research. Research misconduct undermines the trustworthiness of scientific publication and erodes the public’s trust in academic research. To ensure the credibility of the researches we publish, JAES adheres to the COPE’s principles and procedures for identifying and dealing with allegations of research misconduct.

§ Publication decisions

The Editor-in-Chief of JAES is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The Editor-in-Chief is guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The Editor-in-Chief may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

§ Fair play

The Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Applied Economics Sciences (JAES) evaluates manuscripts based solely on their intellectual content. This evaluation is conducted without regard to the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors. The primary focus is on the quality, originality, and relevance of the research, ensuring a fair and unbiased review process for all submissions. The editorial process adheres to the highest standards of academic integrity and ethical practices, fostering an inclusive and diverse academic community.

 § Authorship and Contributorship

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences adheres to strict policies on authorship and contributorship to ensure transparency and integrity in the publication process. To qualify as an author, individuals must have made substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, or analysis and interpretation of the data. Additionally, authors must be involved in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content, give final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Contributors who do not meet the full criteria for authorship should be acknowledged in the manuscript. These contributors may include those providing technical support, writing assistance, funding acquisition, or general supervision of the research group. The corresponding author has the responsibility to communicate with the journal on behalf of all co-authors and ensure that all authors have seen, approved, and are aware of the manuscript submission. Additionally, the corresponding author must ensure that the manuscript adheres to the journal's policies and guidelines, including those concerning conflicts of interest and ethical research conduct.

Requests for changes to the authorship list after submission must be accompanied by a clear explanation for the change and signed confirmation from all authors agreeing to the change. In cases of authorship disputes, the journal will adhere to the guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), with the Editor-in-Chief mediating and seeking resolution based on these established guidelines.

Contributors who do not meet authorship criteria should be listed in the acknowledgments section. Authors must obtain written permission from acknowledged individuals as they may be recognised for their contribution to the manuscript. Furthermore, authors must provide a clear statement of their individual contributions to the manuscript, which will be published as part of the article. Each author should be listed with their specific contributions, such as conceptualisation, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, resource management, software usage, visualisation, original draft preparation, and review and editing. 

See also, JAES_Template File which includes the section Credit Authorship Contribution Statement: This section has the intention of recognising individual author contributions, reducing authorship disputes and facilitating collaboration. In this regard, the statement will describe for each authors the role played to research outputs. For more details about how to describe the role played, please see: https://credit.niso.org/. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the descriptions are accurate and agreed by all authors. 

§ Confidentiality

The Editor-in-Chief and any member of editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, or reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, or the publisher, as appropriate. Once a manuscript is rejected for publication, all the copies of the manuscript will be deleted from our editorial system. Reviewers are required to adhere to confidentiality rules and must not distribute or misappropriate any information pertaining to the manuscript during or after the peer-review process. In instances where reviewers wish to involve another individual in the review process, they must seek prior permission from the Editor-in-Chief. Reviewers should provide the name of the person assisting in the review, ensuring that confidentiality is rigorously maintained.

§ Disclosure and conflicts of interest/competing interest

Competing interests, also known as conflicts of interest, occur when the authors, reviewers, or editors have financial, personal, or professional relationships that could influence their actions, decisions, or judgments. To ensure the trustworthiness and credibility of published research, JAES requires that authors disclose any potential financial and/or non-financial conflicts of interest both at the end of their manuscript and in the JAES_Disclosure Interest document. This includes financial relationships, personal relationships, and professional affiliations that could be perceived as influencing the work. If no conflicts of interest are present, authors must explicitly state: "The author(s) declare(s) no conflicts of interest". We acknowledge that some authors may be constrained by confidentiality agreements. In such cases, authors should specify, "The authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their competing interests in this work". The declaration for each manuscript during peer review is fully accessible to reviewers and becomes entirely transparent to readers upon the online publication of the manuscript after acceptance.

Similarly, editors and reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from handling or reviewing manuscripts where a conflict exists. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for managing disclosed conflicts, which may involve reassigning the manuscript to a different editor or reviewer without conflicts. JAES promotes transparency by publishing authors' disclosures within the article to make potential biases apparent to readers. If undisclosed conflicts of interest are discovered post-publication, EiC will investigate and may take actions such as publishing corrections or retractions. 

§ Disclosure  the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies

Authors must disclose in their statement the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. AI and AI-assisted technologies should be used under human control and supervision as they may generate incorrect or prejudiced output, and they should not be listed as an author or co-author, nor cited as an author.

A statement will appear in the Disclosure Interest Form: Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication. This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc.

See also: COPE Position Statement: Authorship and AI tools | COPE: Committee on Publication Ethics

§ Duplicate Publication
Manuscripts submitted must be original and should not be published or under consideration for any other journals. Any overlapping publications should be cited. JAES uses iThenticate and Safe Assign to detect possible plagiarism. Any suspected cases of covert duplicate manuscript submission will be handled as outlined in the COPE Guidelines, and the Editor may contact the authors' institution if any misconduct exists. However, a preprint, a poster displayed at an academic conference, or a paper presented at an academic conference but unpublished in full, or being considered for publication in proceedings or similar format, are usually considered as exceptions to this rule.

For more details about the meaning of plagiarism and the varieties of plagiarism types, please see the Plagiarism section from Editorial Policies of Publisher.

§ Citations
Authors are required to ensure proper citation when incorporating material from other sources, including their own previously published work, and to obtain appropriate permissions when necessary. Excessive self-citation is discouraged. Authors should refrain from copying references from other publications without having read the cited work. Additionally, authors should avoid preferential citation of their own, friends', peers', or institution's publications, and should not cite advertisements or advertorial material. Following COPE guidelines, any original wording directly taken from other researchers' publications, including the author's own work, must be enclosed in quotation marks with the appropriate citations. COPE has issued a discussion document on citation manipulation, providing recommendations for best practices, which authors are expected to adhere to. JAES uses the APA in-text citation style: the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Stevenson, 2024). For direct quotations, is included the page number as well, for example: (Stevenson, 2024, p. 37)

§ Expressions of Concern

The Editor(s) of JAES may consider the issuance of an Expression of Concern when substantial concerns arise, justifing the need to alert readers to potentially misleading information within an article. However, the decision to issue an Expression of Concern should be reserved for situations where an investigation into the concerns has proven inconclusive, yet there remain compelling indicators that the concerns are valid. Reference COPE case: Data manipulation and institute's internal review. Editors should be mindful that issuing an Expression of Concern carries comparable risks to a researcher's reputation as a retraction. Therefore, it is often advisable to delay the publication of a retraction until a definitive judgment has been reached through an independent investigation. Reference COPE case: Handling self-admissions of fraud.

§ Complaints and Appeals Process

If authors do not agree with any decision made in editorial handling, they can submit a formal appeal to the Editorial Office of JAES, explaining their reasons. The issue will be soon dealt (no more 7 working days) with according to the COPE Guidelines. Anyone involved in relation with editorial processes of JAES: an author, reviewer, Editor, or representative, are in need to file a complaint, appeal a decision, or share other information, please send an email detailing the appropriate information (title, author, dataset, etc.) to  jaes_secretary@yahoo.com with subject line: complaints. Managing Board treats all such communications seriously, confidentially, and will reply being neutral and based on facts, indicating the intended action.
Please maintain your professionalism while communicating with us. Any unprofessional conduct will not be tolerated by editorial board, your complaint will not be considered. We consider also that it is important to respect the correspondent’s right to anonymity.

§ Data Sharing and Reproducibility

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) is committed to promoting transparency, reproducibility, and the highest standards of research integrity. In accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), JAES requires authors to adhere to the following regarding data availability and reproducibility:

- All manuscripts must include a Data Availability Statement indicating where and how the data supporting the study can be accessed, or explaining any restrictions (e.g., ethical, legal, or proprietary reasons). Manuscripts without a DAS will not proceed to peer review until compliant.

- Authors must make all data underlying their findings available to editors, reviewers, and readers without restriction, unless prevented by legitimate ethical or legal considerations.

- All datasets must be properly cited in the references using persistent identifiers (such as DOIs) to ensure findability and long-term access.

- Authors are strongly encouraged to deposit data in recognised repositories that follow the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Examples include Zenodo, Figshare, Dryad, Harvard Dataverse, or domain-specific repositories.

- Authors must provide sufficient methodological detail, including software, code, and computational steps, to enable independent replication of results. Where possible, code should be shared through repositories such as GitHub, GitLab, or Code Ocean.

- Extended data, protocols, appendices, and supporting materials should be submitted alongside the manuscript or made available in repositories with direct links in the article.

- If data cannot be shared (e.g., privacy restrictions, proprietary data), authors must clearly state the reasons in their DAS and indicate conditions under which data might be accessed (if applicable).

- Authors are encouraged to notify the editorial office if repository links change or if restrictions arise after publication, so that records can be updated.

- If issues regarding data availability or reproducibility arise pre- or post-publication, the Editor-in-Chief will work with the authors to resolve them, which may include publishing corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern as appropriate.

§ Digital Preservation Policy

Published articles of Journal of Applied Economic Sciences are deposited Archive System of  RITHA Publishing House, in terms of long-term preservation of the articles. Digital preservation involves a series of processes and actions designed to ensure the long-term accessibility and dissemination of information currently available in digital formats. The preservation policy of Journal comprises the following strategies:
- Website Archiving: All electronic content, including website content and manuscripts, is stored in different locations. The primary server hosts the content online and allows readers to access it. Simultaneously, a backup of the same content is preserved on other servers. In the event of a server failure, these alternative resources can be activated, and the website is expected to be available again within 2 hours, according our agreement with web-servers' provider.
  - Partnership with PORTICO: In addition to our internal archiving efforts and preservation policy, JAES benefits from the agreement signed by its Publisher with PORTICO, a leading digital preservation service. This partnership reinforces our commitment to safeguarding the published articles in this journal, ensuring they are securely archived and remain accessible, even in the event of organisational changes or disruptions.

- Abstracting/Indexing Services: The journal’s Abstracting/Indexing services retain essential information about articles. Additionally, some of these services also archive metadata and electronic versions of the articles. This enables the scientific community to access copies of the articles through these systems as an alternative to traditional journals. All the articles published are also stored and shared as open access in IndexCopernicus and CEEOL.
-Author Self-Archiving Policy: Authors are encouraged to deposit their published articles in institutional or subject-specific repositories after publication, using the final published version (publisher's PDF). There are no embargo periods for any article published in this journal, which ensures immediate and unrestricted access upon publication. Articles deposited in repositories should be publicly accessible and free of charge, in line with our Open Access and Copyright Policy. All articles must be deposited under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), consistent with the journal's licensing. Authors are advised to include complete citation information and a link to the original publication on the journal's website to ensure proper attribution. In this regards, please follow our suggestion from the section How to cite.

§ Repository Policy

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) fully supports open access and allows authors to deposit versions of their work in institutional, subject-based, or other repositories of their choice. Authors are permitted and encouraged to deposit the following versions of their manuscript:

• - Pre-print (Submitted version): The version of the article before peer review can be deposited at any time.
• - Post-print (Accepted version): The peer-reviewed version, accepted for publication, may be deposited immediately after acceptance.
• - Published version (Version of Record): The final published PDF version may be deposited immediately after publication, provided that proper citation and a link to the journal’s official website (https://jaes.…) are included.

Authors may deposit their work in: institutional repositories, personal websites or academic social networks (e.g., ResearchGate, Academia.edu), national or international open access archives. Deposited versions must include:

• - A complete citation of the original publication in Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES);
• - A DOI link to the published version on the journal’s website;
• - The article’s open access license information (e.g., CC BY 4.0).

§ Ethical oversight

Authors must obtain explicit consent from all participants, including individuals and organizations, whose data or information is included in the publication. This includes obtaining consent for the use of personal data, images, and other identifying information. A statement confirming that consent to publish has been obtained must be included in the manuscript. Research involving vulnerable populations (e.g., children, elderly, socio-economically disadvantaged groups) must be conducted with heightened ethical considerations. Authors must provide evidence of ethical approval and informed consent specific to the vulnerable group, ensuring that the research does not exploit or harm the participants.
Research involving animals must comply with relevant national and international ethical guidelines. Authors must provide a statement confirming that the research was approved by an appropriate ethics committee and conducted in accordance with accepted standards for the humane treatment of animals. Details of the care and use of animals must be included in the manuscript. Research involving human subjects must adhere to ethical standards that protect the rights, dignity, and welfare of participants. Authors must obtain approval from a relevant ethics committee and provide a statement confirming that ethical standards were followed, including informed consent and the right to withdraw from the study at any time. Authors must ensure that all confidential data, including personal and sensitive information, is handled with the utmost care and in compliance with relevant data protection regulations. Confidential data must be anonymized or de-identified to protect the privacy of participants. Editors and reviewers are also required to maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and data. JAES is committed to ethical business and marketing practices. This includes transparency in the publication process, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ensuring that advertising and promotional activities do not compromise the integrity of the journal. All sponsorship and funding sources must be disclosed.

§ Intellectual Property

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) adheres to the principles of intellectual property (IP) as outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authors must ensure that their submissions are original works and do not infringe on the IP rights of others. Any use of third-party material, including figures, tables, or extensive quotations, must be accompanied by proper permissions and attributions. Authors are required to provide evidence of these permissions upon submission. Additionally, JAES emphasises the importance of proper citation and referencing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and to avoid plagiarism.

JAES also respects the IP rights of authors. Upon acceptance of a manuscript, authors retain the copyright to their work while granting JAES the right of first publication. This ensures that authors maintain control over their intellectual property while allowing JAES to disseminate the research widely. JAES supports open access and encourages authors to share their work under Creative Commons licenses, promoting broader access and reuse while protecting the authors' IP rights. Any disputes related to IP infringement are addressed promptly and in accordance with COPE guidelines concerning policy on intellectual property, ensuring fairness and integrity in the publication process.

§ Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections

The Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) fosters a culture of continuous dialogue and transparency by encouraging post-publication discussions and corrections, in alignment with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. Readers, authors, and reviewers are invited to engage in constructive discussions about published articles through comments, letters to the editor, and online forums. This open dialogue aims to enhance the understanding and interpretation of research findings, fostering an ongoing academic conversation that benefits the entire research community.

In cases where errors or issues in a published article are identified, JAES follows a systematic process to address and correct them. Authors and readers are encouraged to report any inaccuracies or concerns. The editorial team investigates these reports promptly and thoroughly. If necessary, JAES will publish corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern to maintain the integrity of the scientific record. Corrections are issued for minor errors that do not affect the overall findings, while retractions are reserved for more serious issues such as significant errors or misconduct. All post-publication actions are conducted transparently and are clearly documented to ensure the trustworthiness and credibility of the journal.

§ Advertising Policy

Journal of Applied Economic Sciences can accept only advertisements that are relevant to the journal’s subject community, promote high quality products and services, and are provided by reputable organisations who display a true commitment to science and research. This journal can earn revenue from advertising sales income.
Publishing House’s advertising policy safeguards editorial autonomy and mitigates potential conflicts of interest as this is states in Editorial Policies of RITHA Publishing House, section Advertising Policy. RITHA Publishing House targets advertising based on publication, taxonomy, geography, behaviour, and opted-in audience demographics. User specific targeting only applies to individuals who have willingly and explicitly agreed to share their personal data as per our privacy policy. For more information about this journal’s advertising policy, please contact office@ritha.eu.

§ Revenue Sources

Starting with the 2025 issues, the Journal of Applied Economic Sciences has revised its APC (Article Publishing Charge) policy. This change brings several significant advantages to the journal and its contributors, enhancing both the publication process and the visibility of research:

- DOI Allocation: Ensures article-level access, easy citation, and efficient retrieval for all published content, in compliance with open access policy.
- Dedicated In-House Editorial and Publishing System: Streamlines the entire editorial process for greater efficiency.
- Database Integration: Provides direct connections with academic databases through advanced scripts and APIs, improving discoverability.
- Digital Preservation Services via PORTICO: Guarantees long-term accessibility and secure archiving of all published content, protecting against potential loss due to technological or organisational changes.
- Reputable Memberships: Affiliation with respected organisations such as DORA, CrossRef, SDG Publisher Compact, and Portico reflects the journal's commitment to quality and sustainability.
- Peer-Review Transparency: Recognises and rewards the peer-review process through integration with Reviewer Credits.
- Social Media Dissemination: Actively promotes articles on social media platforms, increasing visibility and engagement within the academic community.
- Articles published in JAES are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and the source are credited.

The APC for publication in JAES is 750 EUR, payable only after the final decision for publication is made. A reduced APC may apply for authors affiliated with research centers that have an established partnership with the Journal. For more details or to inquire about eligibility for a reduced fee, please contact the editorial team at office@ritha.eu with the subject line: Eligibility for Reduced APC.

Journal Malpractice Statement

Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) is dedicated to upholding the highest standards of integrity and ethical conduct in all research published within its articles. It is the ultimate responsibility of the Editor-in-Chief to ensure that these standards are upheld and enforced. If any third party believes that malpractice has occurred in an article published in JAES, they are encouraged to contact the Editor-in-Chief at jaes_secretary@yahoo.com. Allegations of malpractice will be taken seriously and thoroughly investigated by the Editorial Board.

Where malpractice is substantiated, appropriate actions will be taken. This includes the immediate removal of the article in question from the journal platform. Authors found to have deliberately engaged in actions that constitute malpractice, such as plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or other forms of unethical behavior, will be barred from publishing in JAES in the future. Additionally, if any cases arise, it is advisable to act in accordance with the Editorial Policies of RITHA Publishing House.

In handling all manuscripts, the Editor-in-Chief makes publication decisions based on the thorough evaluation by reviewers, adherence to the journal's governance policies, and compliance with legal constraints concerning plagiarism, libel, and copyright infringement. It is expected that authors will provide accurate data, cite relevant sources appropriately, and disclose any conflicts of interest.

The Editorial Board of JAES is committed to maintaining the integrity of scholarly publishing and ensuring that all published research meets rigorous ethical standards. This commitment extends to fostering an environment of trust and transparency among authors, reviewers, and readers, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in applied economics while safeguarding the scholarly content.